Arduino

Arduino Cheat Sheet

Richard Niemand

Feb 27, 2017 • 2 min read

The majority of content found on this cheat sheet comes from the official Arduino documentation, if you find that something is lacking please comment and I will update this post accordingly.

Including Files

#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>

Using #include <...> the compiler searches in an implementation dependent manner, normally in search directories pre-designated by the compiler/IDE

#include "joystick.h"

Using #include "..." the compiler searches in the same directory as the file containing the directive.

Data Types

Below is a complete list of all data types available when programming on the Arduino platform. I will try to keep this section up to date as I learn more.

Type	Example	Storage	Range
`void`	`void setup() { ... }`	-	-
`boolean`	`true`	1 byte (8 bit)	true
`char`	`'A'`	1 byte (8 bit)	-
`byte`	`128`	1 byte (8-bit)	0 to 255
`int`	`64`	2 byte (16 bit)	-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
`word`	`10000`	--	2
`long`	`186000L`	4 bytes (32 bits)	2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
`short`	`13`	2 bytes (16 bits)	-32,768 to 32,767
`float`	-	4 bytes (32 bits)	-3.4028235E+38 to 3.4028235E+38
`double`	`1.117`	8 bytes (64 bits)*	...
`string char[]`	`"arduino"`	varies	varies
`String`	`"arduino"`	varies	varies
`array`	`vals[0] == 2`	varies	varies

Basics

Quick reference to all core concepts when writing Arduino code.

Core Methods

Some useful methods / functions for writing your applications.

Control methods

// used to setup code
void setup() { /* ... */ }

// run this over and over
void loop() { /* ... */ }

delay()

Pauses the program for the amount of time (in milliseconds) specified as parameter. (There are 1000 milliseconds in a second.)

delay(1000)

Working with IO

Useful methods when working with Arduino pins.

// Sets the pin as input (using internal pullup resistor)
pinMode(JOY_BTN, INPUT_PULLUP);

// Sets the pin as an input
pinMode(JOY_X, INPUT);

// Reads data from an analog pin (0-1024)
int aData = analogRead(pinX);

// Reads data from a digital pin (0-1)
int dData = digitalRead(pinBtn);

Digital - used to read high or low (1 or 0)
Analog - used to read a value between 0 and 1024

Working with Serial.

// Start serial @ 9600 bps
Serial.begin(9600);

// Append given value to current line
Serial.print("...");

// Append given value to line and insert a line break
Serial.println("...");

Comments

// (single line comment)
/* */ (multi-line comment)

Constants

HIGH | LOW
INPUT | OUTPUT | INPUT_PULLUP
LED_BUILTIN
true | false

Time

millis()
micros()
delay()
delayMicroseconds()

Math

min()
max()
abs()
constrain()
map()
pow()
sqrt()
sin()
cos()
tan()

Characters

isAlphaNumeric()
isAlpha()
isAscii()
isWhitespace()
isControl()
isDigit()
isGraph()
isLowerCase()
isPrintable()
isPunct()
isSpace()
isUpperCase()
isHexadecimalDigit()

Random Numbers

randomSeed()
random()

Bits and Bytes

lowByte()
highByte()
bitRead()
bitWrite()
bitSet()
bitClear()
bit()

Interrupts

attachInterrupt() - External
detachInterrupt() - External
interrupts()
noInterrupts()